What Is Soap & How Is It MAde?
Soap is a household item we use daily to keep ourselves clean and hygienic. It has been used for centuries and is essential to personal care and cleaning routines. But have you ever wondered what soap is made of and how it is produced? In this blog, we will explore the science behind soap and the process of making it.
What is Soap?
Soap is a cleaning agent that removes dirt, oils, and other contaminants from surfaces. It is made by a chemical reaction called saponification, combining fats or oils with an alkali, such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. The reaction between the two substances creates soap molecules with a hydrophilic (water-loving) head and a hydrophobic (water-repelling) tail. The hydrophobic tail attaches to oils and dirt. At the same time, the hydrophilic head dissolves in water, allowing the soap to be rinsed away with the dirt.
How is Soap Made?
The process of making soap is called soapmaking, and it involves a few essential steps. While this process has many variations, the basic principles are the same.
Gathering Ingredients The first step in soapmaking is to gather the ingredients. Soap can be made from various oils and fats, such as coconut oil, palm oil, olive oil, or tallow (rendered animal fat). In Carlisle Soap Co’s Original collection case, it’s Shea Butter! Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), also known as lye, is used as an alkali to create soap molecules. Water is also needed for the reaction.
Measuring Ingredients The next step is to measure the ingredients according to a specific recipe. The amount of lye used is critical, as too much can cause the soap to be too harsh, while too little will result in a soft soap that won't lather well.
Mixing Ingredients The oils and fats are heated and combined while the lye is dissolved in water. Once the two mixtures have reached the correct temperature, they are combined and stirred vigorously until the mixture thickens and begins to trace. Tracing is a term used to describe the point in the soapmaking process when the mixture has thickened enough to leave a trail or "trace" on the surface of the mixture.
Adding Fragrance and Color At this stage, fragrances, colours, or other additives can be added to the mixture, depending on the desired soap's intended use. This step is optional, and unscented and uncoloured soaps can also be made.
Moulding and Curing The soap mixture is then poured into moulds and left to cure for several weeks. During the curing process, the soap hardens and dries, and the excess water evaporates. This process is essential to ensure that the soap is mild and gentle on the skin.
Cutting and Packaging Once the soap has cured, it is removed from the mould and cut into bars or other desired shapes. The bars are then packaged and labelled for use or sale.
Conclusion Soap is a vital part of our daily lives. Understanding how it is made can deepen our appreciation for this simple but essential product. Whether you prefer liquid or bar soap, scented or unscented, the process of soapmaking is a fascinating blend of art and science that has been used for centuries. So the next time you use soap, take a moment to reflect on its journey from raw ingredients to the cleansing lather that keeps us clean and healthy.